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“ “sufficient empirical evidence” that junk fees actually pose a problem.”
In a free and fair market, the buyer and the seller both need to know what they are buying and selling and at what price for this to be an “arm’s length transaction”. Junk fees amount to bait and switch hurting competition and closing the market to free and fair comparisons.
Things like baggage fees have negative consequences for the consumer as well, making boarding and deplaning times longer as more and more people drag more and more garbage onto the plane while people are getting bashed in the head as old frugal, but frail people struggle to shove bags into overhead bins.