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After a weekend of setbacks, the Senate will try to sprint ahead Monday on President Donald Trump’s big bill of tax breaks and spending cuts despite a series of challenges, including the sudden announcement from one GOP senator that he won’t run for reelection after opposing the package over its Medicaid health care cuts.
An all-night session to consider an endless stream of proposed amendments to the package, in what’s called a vote-a-rama, was abruptly postponed, and it’s now scheduled to launch as soon as the Senate gavels open. With Democrats united against the Republican president’s legislation and eagerly lined up to challenge it, the voting could take all day.
Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer of New York said the “hardest choices” for Republicans are still to come. His side plans to bring “amendment after amendment after amendment to the floor, so Republicans can defend their billionaire tax cuts and so they can try to explain their massive cuts to Medicaid to people back home.”
The hours ahead will be pivotal for the Republicans, who have control of the Congress and are racing against Trump’s Fourth of July deadline to wrap up work. The 940-page “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” as it is now formally titled, has consumed the Congress as its shared priority with the president, with no room politically to fail, even as not all Republicans are on board.
A new analysis from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office found that 11.8 million more Americans would become uninsured by 2034 if the bill became law. It also said the package would increase the deficit by nearly $3.3 trillion over the decade.
House Speaker Mike Johnson’s leadership team has recalled lawmakers back to Washington for voting in the House as soon as Wednesday, if the legislation can first clear the Senate.
But the outcome remains uncertain, especially after a weekend of work in the Senate that brought less visible progress on securing enough Republican support, over Democratic opposition, for passage.
Senators to watch
Few Republicans appear fully satisfied as the final package emerges. GOP Sen. Thom Tillis of North Carolina, who announced Sunday he would not seek reelection after Trump badgered him over his opposition to the package, said he has the same goals as Trump, cutting taxes and spending.
But Tillis said this package is a betrayal of the president’s promises not to kick people off health care, especially if rural hospitals close.
“We could take the time to get this right,” he thundered.
At the same time, some loosely aligned conservative Senate Republicans—Rick Scott of Florida, Mike Lee of Utah, Ron Johnson of Wisconsin and Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming—have pushed for steeper cuts, particularly to health care, drawing their own warning from Trump.
“Don’t go too crazy!” the president posted on social media. “REMEMBER, you still have to get reelected.”
GOP leaders barely secured enough support to muscle the legislation past a procedural Saturday night hurdle in a tense scene. A handful of Republican holdouts revolted, and it took phone calls from Trump and a visit from Vice President JD Vance to keep it on track.
As Saturday’s vote tally teetered, attention turned to Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, who was surrounded by GOP leaders in intense conversation. She voted “yes.”
Several provisions in the package including a higher tax deduction for native whalers and potential waivers from food stamps or Medicaid changes are being called the “Polar Payoff” designed for her state. But some were found to be out of compliance with the rules by the Senate parliamentarian.
What’s in the big bill
All told, the Senate bill includes some $4 trillion in tax cuts, making permanent Trump’s 2017 rates, which would expire at the end of the year if Congress fails to act, while adding the new ones he campaigned on, including no taxes on tips.
The Senate package would roll back billions of dollars in green energy tax credits that Democrats warn will wipe out wind and solar investments nationwide and impose $1.2 trillion in cuts, largely to Medicaid and food stamps, by imposing work requirements, making sign-up eligibility more stringent and changing federal reimbursements to states.
Additionally, the bill would provide a $350 billion infusion for border and national security, including for deportations, some of it paid for with new fees charged to immigrants.
Democrats ready to fight
Unable to stop the march toward passage, the Democrats as the minority party in Congress are using the tools at their disposal to delay and drag out the process.
Democrats forced a full reading of the text, which took 16 hours. Then Democratic senators took over Sunday’s debate, filling the chamber with speeches, while Republicans largely stood aside.
“Reckless and irresponsible,” said Sen. Gary Peters, a Democrat from Michigan.
“A gift to the billionaire class,” said Vermont’s Sen. Bernie Sanders, an independent who caucuses with Democrats.
“Follow what the Bible teaches us: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you,” said Sen. Ben Ray Lujan, D-N.M., as Sunday’s debate pushed past midnight.
Sen. Patty Murray of Washington, the ranking Democrat on the Appropriations Committee, raised particular concern about the accounting method being used by the Republicans, which says the tax breaks from Trump’s first term are now “current policy” and the cost of extending them should not be counted toward deficits.
“In my 33 years here in the United States Senate, things have never—never—worked this way,” said Murray, the longest-serving Democrat on the Budget Committee.
She said that kind of “magic math” won’t fly with Americans trying to balance their own household books.
“Go back home,” she said, “and try that game with your constituents.”
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Like all Congressional bills, this one has a lot of crap in it…..but, those who vote against it are voting for MASSIVE TAX INCREASES! Soooo the party that doubled the national debt to nearly $37 trillion is worried that the debt will “explode”?
This bill will allow for renewed economic growth. If the Fed does their job, the economy will take off. Just a little restraint in ridiculous spending will reduce the deficits from absurd levels to merely ridiculous ones.
LOL this bill would *add* trillions of dollars to the deficit, not reduce it.
Massive tax increases? Hardly. And probably not for you John. But cutting all of the assistance programs completely out, especially for veterans? Really John. That’s what you want? More homeless veterans? More veterans who can’t get mental help to deal with the trauma from having been in war? Perhaps you need to take the time to read this bill, and Plan 2025.
John, an easy solution to your first critique is to allow the tax rates to revert to pre-2017 for only those making over a certain amount, say $400,000. Then maybe 80% or more of the population would not suffer a tax increase and that would close most of the gap. Do some research on your second false claim that tax cuts will pay for themselves through economic growth. This is a fable that’s been proven false by economists since the days of Reagan.
Republicans would have you believe that the government was taking 80% of our paychecks before 2017.
Lisa, Assistance programs are hardly being cut “completely out.” Work requirement are being added to Medicaid for the able bodied and illegal immigrants will be denied eligibility. The massive tax increase that would result from allowing the 2017 tax cuts to expire would impact every tax payer. And Veterans’ programs are not being cut. The misleading claim that Veterans’ benefits are being cut is based on the argument that some veterans will be impacted by cuts to Medicaid and the SNAP program.
Steven – see my comment above: “…allow the tax rates to revert to pre-2017 for only those making over a certain amount, say $400,000…” – doing this would hurt only the top-earners, not everyone.